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更新日期：2019-01-12
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目前版本：1.0
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Characterization of the age from eight to twelve is the
era of recapitulating the stages of primitive human development.Life
close to nature. The age also for drill, habituation, memory work, and
re-germination. Adolescence superposed upon this stage of life, but
very distinct from it.
Muscles as organs of the will, of character, and even of thought.The
muscular virtues.Fundamental and accessory muscles and functions.The
development of the mind and of the upright position.Small muscles as
organs of thought.School lays too much stress upon these.Chorea,Vast
numbers of automatic movements in children.Great variety of
spontaneous activities.Poise, control, and spuriousness and tongue
wagging.Sedentary school life vs. free out-of-door activities.Modern
decay of muscles, especially in girls.Plasticity of motor habits at
puberty.
Trade classes and schools, their importance in the international
market.Our dangers and the superiority of German workmen.The effects
of a tariff.Description of schools between the kindergarten and the
industrial school.Equal salaries for teachers in France.Dangers from
machinery.The advantages of life on the old New England farm.Its
resemblance to the education we now give Negroes and Indians.Its
advantage for all-sided muscular development.
History of the movement--Its philosophy--The value of hand training in
the development of the brain and its significance in the making of
man--A grammar of our many industries hard--The best we do can reach
but few--Very great defects in manual training methods which do not
base on science and make nothing salable--The Leipzig system--Sloyd is
hypermethodic--These crude peasant industries can never satisfy
educational needs--The gospel of work; William Morris and the arts and
crafts movement--Its spirit desirable--The magic effects of a brief
period of intense work--The natural development of the drawing
instinct in the child
The story of Jahn and the Turners--The enthusiasm which this movement
generated in Germany--The ideal of bringing out latent powers--The
concept of more perfect voluntary control--Swedish gymnastics--Doing
everything possible for the body as a machine--Liberal physical
culture--Ling's orthogenic scheme of economic postures and movements
and correcting defects--The ideal of symmetry and prescribing
exercises to bring the body to a standard--Lamentable lack of
correlation between these four systems--Illustrations of the great
good that a systematic training can effect--Athletic records--Greek
physical training
The view of Groos partial, and a better explanation of play proposed
as rehearsing ancestral activities--The glory of Greek physical
training, its ideals and results--The first spontaneous movements of
infancy as keys to the past--Necessity of developing basal powers
before those that are later and peculiar to the individual--Plays that
interest due to their antiquity--Play with dolls--Play distinguished
by age--Play preferences of children and their reasons--The profound
significance of rhythm--The value of dancing and also its
significance, history, and the desirability of reintroducing
it--Fighting--Boxing--Wrestling--Bushido--Foot-ball--Military
ideals--Showing off--Cold baths--Hill climbing--The playground
movement--The psychology of play--Its relation to work
Classification of children's faults-.Peculiar children.Real fault as
distinguished from interference with the teacher's ease.Truancy, its
nature and effects.The genesis of crime.The lie, its classes and
relations to imagination.Predatory activities.Gangs--Causes of
crime--The effects of stories of crime.