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更新日期：2019-06-10
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The orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) is widely known as a popular aquarium fish. Like other clownfishes also known as anemonefishes it often lives in association with sea anemones. A percula is associated specifically with Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla gigantea and as larva use chemical cues released from the anemones to identify and locate the appropriate host species to use them for shelter and protection. This causes preferential selection when finding their anemone host species. Although popular maintaining this species in captivity is rather complex. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority regulates the number of collection permits that are issued to aquarium fish dealers who seek this and other tropical fish within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The symbiosis between anemonefish and anemones depends on the presence of the fish drawing other fish to the anemone where they are stung by its venomous tentacles. The anemone helps the fish by giving it protection from predators which include brittle stars wrasses and other damselfish and the fish helps the anemone by feeding it increasing oxygenation and removing waste material from the host. Various hypotheses exist about the fish's ability to live within the anemone without being harmed. One study carried out at Marineland of the Pacific by Dr.Demorest Davenport and Dr.Kenneth Noris in 1958 revealed that the mucus secreted by the anemone fish prevented the anemone from discharging its lethal stinging nematocysts. A second hypothesis is that A.percula has acquired immunity towards the sea anemone’s toxins and it has been shown experimentally to be a combination of the two. The fish feeds on algae zooplankton worms and small crustaceans.
Amphiron percula can grow to be 11 centimeters in length but is on average 8 centimeters and can be recognized by three white lines across their bright orange bodies with no distinction in color between sexes. The anterior white bar is placed just behind the eye the middle bar goes straight down the middle of the fish and the posterior bar occurs near the caudal fin. An anterior projecting bulge also exists on the middle bar. In addition to the white coloring black edging outlines each fin with varying thickness. This species can be mistaken for the similar species of clownfishes, A. ocellaris. This is known as the ocellaris clownfish and sometimes referred to as the false percula clownfish or common clownfish due to its similar color and pattern. The easiest way to distinguish the two species is the fact that A. percula has 10 spines in the first dorsal fin and A. ocellaris has 11 which is a more reliable distinction than color patterns. The A. ocellaris does not have thick black edging outlining the fins.
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